MARS - Models of Appearance, Registration and Segmentation - Mean of Squared Differences (MSD) Unstable at Registration

There is one key problem that must be resolved somehow. Transformation in MARS is handled using clamped-plate splines (CPS) and an MSD-based objective function does not identify its minimum value when it is forced to lie in the correct solution.

The little, fine bits on the top of bumps are unwanted
artefacts that result in improved MSD evaluation.